Best Top 10 Basic Syntax and Data Types in C++

Basic Syntax and Data Types in C++

 

Basic Syntax and Data Types is an extension of the C programming language and provides important features for erecting complex software operations. In this composition, we will explore the basics of C syntax and data types.

 

Basic Syntax

 

1. commentary:

commentary: are used to give fresh information about the law. They’re ignored by the compiler and don’t affect the prosecution of the program. There are two types of commentary in C

1.1 – Single- line commentary start with// and continue to the end of the line.
1.2 – Multi-line commentary start with/ * and end with */.

code / This is a single- line comment * This is a multi-line comment */

 

 

2. Variables:

Data is stored in memory via variables. A variable must first be declared in C before it may be used.
The protestation specifies the type of the variable and its name.

Code int x;// declare an integer variable named x

 

 

3. Drivers:

Drivers are used to perform operations on variables and values. C provides a wide range of drivers, including computation, assignment, comparison, and logical drivers.

Code int x = 10; int y = 20; int z = x y;// addition driver int w = x * y;// addition driver x = 5;// emulsion assignment driver bool result = x> y;// comparison driver bool result2 = x & & y;// logical driver

 

 

4. Control Structures:

Control structures are used to control the inflow of prosecution in a program. C provides several control structures, including if statements, switch statements, circles, and goto statements.

Code int x = 10; if( x> 5){ / do commodity differently{ / do commodity additional switch( x){ case 1 / do commodity break; case 2 / do commodity additional break; dereliction / do commodity if none of the below cases match break; for( int i = 0; i< 10; i){ / do commodity 10 times while( x> 0){ / do commodity while x is lesser than 0 x–;

 

 

5. Functions:

Functions are a set of statements that perform a specific task. They’re used to break down a large program into lower, more manageable pieces.

Code int add( int x, int y){ return x y; int result = add( 5, 10);// result = 15

 

 

6. Classes:

Classes are stoner- defined data types that synopsize data and styles. They give a way to model real- world objects and relations between them. In C, a class is defined using the class keyword.

Code class Person{ public stdstring name; int age; void sayHello(){ stdcout<<” Hello, my name is”<< name<<” and I’m”<< age<<” times old.”<< stdendl; ; Person person; = ” John”; = 30; ();// affair Hello, my name is John and I’m 30 times old.

 

 

7. Namespaces:

Namespaces are used to group related law together and avoid naming conflicts. They’re declared using the namespace keyword.

Code namespace myNamespace{ int x; void printX(){ stdcout<<” x = “<< x<< stdendl;   myNamespacex = 10; myNamespaceprintX();// affair x = 10

 

 

Data Types

In C, data types are used to define the type of data that a variable can hold. There are three orders of data types abecedarian data types, deduced data types, and stoner- defined data types.

1. Fundamental Data Types:

Fundamental data types are erected- in data types that are handed by the C language. They include

1.1 – bool : boolean( true/ false) value
1.2 – char : single character
1.3 – int : integer
1.4 – pier : floating- point number
1.5 -double : double- perfection floating- point number
1.5 – void : absence of type( used for functions that don’t return a value)

Code bool b = true; housekeeper c = ‘ a’; int i = 10; pier f = 3.14; double d = 3.14159; void doSomething(){/ * do commodity */}

 

 

2. Derived Data Types

derived data types are erected from abecedarian data types. They include:-

2.1 – Arrays- a collection of rudiments of the same data type
2.2 – Pointers- a variable that stores the memory address of another variable
2.3 – References an alias for another variable
2.4 – Structures- a collection of affiliated data members
2.5 – Unions- a collection of data members that partake the same memory position

Code int arr( 5) = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5}; int * ptr = & i; int & ref = i; struct Person{ stdstring name; int age; ; union Data{ int i; pier f;

 

 

3. stoner- Defined Data Types

stoner- defined data types are created by the programmer. They can be created using classes or typedefs.

Code   class Auto{ public stdstring make; stdstring model; int time; ; typedef Auto Vehicle; Vehicle auto; = ” Toyota”; = ” Camry”; = 2022;